![]() ![]() The CO 2 produced for the manufacture of structural concrete (using ~14% cement) is estimated at 410 kg/m 3 (~180 kg/tonne density of 2.3 g/cm 3) (reduced to 290 kg/m 3 with 30% fly ash replacement of cement). The cement industry is one of the two largest producers of carbon dioxide (CO 2), creating up to 5% of worldwide man-made emissions of this gas, of which 50% is from the chemical process and 40% from burning fuel. Conversely, the use of concrete mitigates the use of alternative building materials such as wood, which is a natural form of carbon sequestering.Ĭarbon dioxide emissions and climate change Concrete recycling is increasing in response to improved environmental awareness, legislation, and economic considerations. Wet concrete is highly alkaline and should always be handled with proper protective equipment. ![]() The presence of some substances in concrete, including useful and unwanted additives, can cause health concerns due to toxicity and (usually naturally occurring) radioactivity. Concrete dust released by building demolition and natural disasters can be a major source of dangerous air pollution. However, original vegetation results in even greater benefit. Light-colored concrete can reduce the urban heat island effect, due to its higher albedo. Conversely, concrete is one of the most powerful tools for proper flood control, by means of damming, diversion, and deflection of flood waters, mud flows, and the like. Concrete causes damage to the most fertile layer of the earth, the topsoil.Ĭoncrete is used to create hard surfaces which contribute to surface runoff that may cause soil erosion, water pollution and flooding. The cement industry is one of the main producers of carbon dioxide, a potent greenhouse gas. A major component is cement, which has its own environmental and social impacts and contributes largely to those of concrete. The environmental impact of concrete, its manufacture, and its applications, are complex, driven in part by direct impacts of construction and infrastructure, as well as by CO 2 emissions between 4-8% of total global CO 2 emissions come from concrete. ![]()
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